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. 2025 Dec 1;18(23):5421. doi: 10.3390/ma18235421
AD Anno Domini
AM Additive Manufacturing
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BCC Body-Centered-Cubic
BIC Bone-Implant contact
BMP-2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2
BMSC Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
BT/TV Bone Tissue to Total Volume ratio
C Circular
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CD34 Cluster of Differentiation 34
CD44 Cluster of Differentiation 44
CD45 Cluster of Differentiation 45
CD90 Cluster of Differentiation 90 (Thy-1)
CD105 Cluster of Differentiation 105 (Endoglin)
CP-Ti Commercially Pure Titanium
CT/MRI Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CU Cube
DIA Diamond
DOPA Dopamine
ELI Extra Low Interstitials, Grade 23
FEA Finite Element Analysis
G Gyroid
HCP Hexagonal-close-packed
HPDLSCs Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
ISO International Organization for Standardizationfacturing
LPBF Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Micro-CT Micro-Computed Tomography
MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)
P Primitive
PDA-3D PPT Polydopamine-coated 3D-printed porous titanium
PDLSCs Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
PE Polyethylene
PLA Polylactic acid
SLM Selective Laser Melting
TPMS Triply Periodic Minimal Surface
TC Truncated cube
TC Tetrahedral close-packed (TC)
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
3D Three-Dimensional
3D PPT 3D-printed porous titanium
5Gel-5Alg (S) 5% gelatin and 5% alginate (5G5A) scaffold
8Gel-2Alg (S) 8% gelatin and 2% alginate scaffolds