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. 2025 Nov 21;17(23):3097. doi: 10.3390/polym17233097
ABS acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer
AH asymptotic homogenization
BMIs bismaleimide resins
CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
CLT classical laminate theory
CLTE coefficient of linear thermal expansion
CMs composite materials
CNTs carbon nanotubes
CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
CVTE coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion
ECTFE ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (copolymer)
EMT effective medium theory
ERs epoxy resins
ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (copolymer)
FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene (TFE–HFP copolymer)
HDPE high-density polyethylene
LCP liquid-crystal polymer
LDPE low-density polyethylene
LVDT linear variable differential transformer
MWCNTs multi-walled nanotubes
PA6 polyamide 6 (nylon 6)
PA12 polyamide 12 (nylon 12)
PA66 polyamide 66 (nylon 66)
PAEK polyaryletherketone (family)
PAI polyamide-imide
PAR polyarylate
PARA polyarylamide (aromatic polyamide)
PBI polybenzimidazole
PBT polybutylene terephthalate
PC polycarbonate
PCB printed circuit board
PCMs polymer composite materials
PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
PE polyethylene
PEI polyetherimide
PEK polyether ketone
PEKK polyether ketone ketone
PEKEKK poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone)
PEEK poly(ether ether ketone)
PEN polyethylene naphthalate
PES polyethersulfone
PFA perfluoroalkoxy (TFE-based) copolymer
PFRs phenol–formaldehyde resins
PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
PETG glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate)
PI polyimide
PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
PMP poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)
PMPS poly(methylphenylsiloxane)
POM polyoxymethylene (acetal)
PP polypropylene
PPA polyphthalamide
PPO poly(phenylene oxide)
PPS poly(phenylene sulfide)
PPSU poly(phenylsulfone)
PS polystyrene
PSU polysulfone
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
PVDC poly(vinylidene chloride)
PVDF poly(vinylidene fluoride)
PVC polyvinyl chloride
RVE representative volume element
SAN styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer
SWCNTs single-walled nanotubes
Tg glass transition temperature
TMA thermomechanical analysis
TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
UHMW-PE ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
PPP poly(p-phenylene)