5-HT	5-hydroxytryptamine
AFM	Atomic force microscopy
AMPs	Polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
AMP-ZnONPs	AMP-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles
AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BZP	Baizhu (A. macrocephala) polysaccharide
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CTX	Cyclophosphamide
DEAE	Diethylaminoethyl cellulose
DFMO	α-difluoromethylornithine
DSS	Dextran sulfate sodium
EAE	Enzyme-assisted extraction
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
ENS	Enteric nervous system
EtOH ppt	Ethanol precipitation
FT-IR	Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
GC-MS	Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GSH-Px	Glutathione peroxidase
GPC	Gel permeation chromatography
HPGPC	High-performance gel permeation chromatography
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
IBS	Irritable bowel syndrome
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IECs	Intestinal epithelial cells
LC-MS	Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
MAE	Microwave-assisted extraction
MALS	Multi-angle light scattering
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASH	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MUC2	Mucin-2
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
PMP	1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazo-lone derivatization
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
PXR	Pregnane X receptor
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
SERT	Serotonin-reuptake transporter
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor-β1
TJs	Tight junctions
Treg	Regulatory T-cell
UAE	Ultrasound-assisted extraction
XRD	X-ray diffraction
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1