$t_m$	time slots; per 60 min is a pest recording duration $0<t\le 11$
$p_1\left(t_m\right)$	the phototactic rhythm of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
$p_2\left(t_m\right)$	the phototactic rhythm of Chilo suppressalis
$p_{static}\left(t_m\right)$	the time dependent one-dimensional phototactic rhythm static model
$f\left(t_m\right)$	the dynamic phototactic rhythm of these two major rice pests
$F\left(t_m\right)$	the fitness function
$\xi \left(t_m\right)$	the Gaussian white noise
$\sigma$	the standard deviation
${\alpha }_{t_m}$	the switching behavior over discretized time intervals
$T_{on}$	the total insecticidal operation time
$T_{off}$	the trap pest light source termed the non-operational period
$E_0$	the initial remaining remaining energy of the SIL storage battery in the daytime
$E_c^{t_m}$	the energy consumed at night time
$E_{lc}^{t_m}$	the energy consumption of the lamp
$E_{mc}^{t_m}$	the energy consumption of the metal mesh
$E_{pc}^{t_m}$	the energy consumption of the insecticidal
$E_{tc}^{t_m}$	the energy consumption of the IoT communication transmission
$E_a$	the total capacity of the 48V lead-acid battery
$E_r^{t_m}$	the residual energy of the SIL
$SO{C}_0$	the energy state in the SIL’s 48V lead-acid battery from the moment the lamp is turned on at night time
$SO{C}_{t_m}$	the energy state of the SIL at the $t_m$ time slot
$W^{t_m}$	the comprehensive benefit model
$\gamma ,\beta$	the weighting coefficients
$X_{id}$	the candidate solution
i	the particle
d	dimension
$k+1$	the generation
$\omega$	the inertia weight
$V_{id}$	the direction and step size of the search
$c_1,c_2$	the learning factors
$r_1,r_2$	the random numbers uniformly distributed
$g_{\mathrm{best},d}$	the historical best position of the swarm in dimension d (global best)
$x_{id}^k$	the position of particle i in dimension d at iteration k
$x_{id}^k+1$	the particle i in dimension d at iteration $k+1$