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. 2025 Nov 28;10:1693969. doi: 10.3389/frma.2025.1693969

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Copyright © 2025 Ballesteros-Ballesteros and Zárate-Torres.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart outlining the process of studying open innovation in university-industry collaboration. Step 1 is defining the topic, focusing on open innovation in collaboration. Step 2 involves selecting the Scopus database. Step 3 sets research criteria: keyword searches related to open innovation, the year range 2003-2024, the subject area of business, management, and accounting, document type as articles, and language as English. Step 4 involves data encoding and processing using Scopus, OpenRefine, and VOSviewer. Step 5 is processing and analyzing results. The chart separates document selection from bibliometric analysis. — Search protocol and flow diagram adapted from Vergura et al. (2023).