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. 2025 Nov 28;19:1692530. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1692530

TABLE 1.

Standard deviation of heartbeat intervals (SDNN) values (median [IQR]) and statistical results for baseline–stimulation comparisons.

Experiment Condition n Baseline median (IQR) Stimulation median (IQR) P-value χ2 (df = 1) Effect size r Interpretation
Exp. 1 Burst cymba 15 75 (40–90) 80 (60–100) 0.035 3.38 0.475 Medium
Exp. 1 Slow cymba 15 80 (65–95) 85 (70–110) 0.048 3.05 0.451 Medium
Exp. 1 Fast cymba 15 70 (45–90) 70 (55–95) 0.207 0.66 0.210 Small
Exp. 1 Burst earlobe 15 70 (55–95) 80 (60–100) 0.002 9.55 0.798 Large
Exp. 2 Burst cymba 21 75 (55–90) 85 (60–110) 0.016 5.78 0.525 Large
Exp. 2 Burst fossa 21 65 (45–80) 70 (55–90) 0.380 0.25 0.109 Small
Exp. 2 Burst tragus 21 75 (60–95) 85 (65–105) 0.469 0.14 0.082 Small
Exp. 2 Burst earlobe 21 70 (55–90) 80 (60–100) 0.042 3.26 0.394 Medium