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. 2025 Dec 11;15:43649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27589-3

Table 1.

Behavioral results.

p (W) d Pre-test Post-test
Mean ± SD
Trials 1–10 0.02 (42)Inline graphic 0.93 Inline graphic Inline graphic
Trials 11–20 0.25 (33) 0.22 Inline graphic Inline graphic
Trials 21–30 0.25 (33) 0.26 Inline graphic Inline graphic

Results of mean absolute error (MAE) at pre-test vs. post-test in each trial block (Inline graphic). The p values were calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and values in bracket represent statistics, W (Inline graphic). The d represents the Cohen’s effect size. The Mean ± SD represents averaged MAE and its standard deviation across nine participants.