Table 2. Assessment of occupational health service programme implementation: Existing versus suggested programmes.

No.	Hazards identified	Existing OH services programme	Existing model 5-5					Suggested OH services programme
			HP	SP	DT	DL	RW
A	Environmental Hazards
1	Biological	Training on spill kit usage	V
		Standard operating procedures (SOP) for patient admission and transport		V				SP: Monitoring of microbial growth in ventilation system ducts and filters; engineering control, with immediate response to findings/reports
		Medical check-up (MCU) and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee health clinic
		Medical rehabilitation and return-to-work program					V	RW: Occupational medicine specialist, physician
2	Physical	Training: education on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)	V					HP: Hazard communication materials, SOP socialization and mentoring
		Injection SOP; SOP for needlestick injury reporting and management; use of safety needles in specific units; measurement of noise, heat and radiation levels; work hour regulation in high noise areas; provision of PPE (aprons and TLDs); work schedule regulation related to radiation exposure; existence of a risk register with regular evaluation		V				SP: Exposure measurement; SOP for 100% compliance in hazardous procedures and PPE use; engineering control; immediate response to findings/reports
		Medical check-up (MCU) and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee health clinic
		Medical rehabilitation and return-to-work programme					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist
3	Chemical	Training	V					HP: Hazard communication materials, SOP socialisation and assistance
		SOP for hazardous materials handling; hazardous material symbols, MSDS, PPE, with a risk register that is regularly evaluated	V	V				SP: Exposure measurement; SOP for 100% coverage of hazardous actions and PPE use; engineering control; immediate response to findings/reports
		Medical check-up (MCU) and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee health clinic
		Medical and occupational rehabilitation					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist
B	Ergonomic Hazards	Training						HP: Hazard communication materials; SOP dissemination and mentoring
		SOP for patient lifting and transfer; appropriateness of work equipment		V				SP: Ergonomic assessment (REBA, RULA); SOP for 100% coverage of hazardous actions and PPE use; engineering control; immediate response to findings/reports; regularly updated risk register
		Medical check-up (MCU) and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee health clinic
		Medical and occupational rehabilitation					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist
C	Somatic Hazards	Metamorphite training programme	V					HP: Fit to work concept; socialisation and mentoring
		Workplace exercise		V				SP: Adequate exercise frequency and duration; avoidance of sedentary behaviour; application of the 5A principle for all workers (on a rotating basis); immediate response to findings/reports; regularly maintained risk register
		Medical check-up and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee clinic, hazard-based medical check-up (MCU), and fit to work assessment
		Medical and occupational rehabilitation					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist
D	Behavioural Hazards	Training						HP: Healthy behaviour education (life & work); socialisation and mentoring involving health promotion officers
		Supervision		V				SP: Target consensus, evaluation and consequences, and risk register
		Medical check-up and treatment			V	V		DT: Employee clinic and hazard-based medical check-up (MCU)
		Medical and occupational rehabilitation					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist
E	Work Organisation and Work Culture Hazards	Work stress management training	V					HP: Provide a psychologist or employee assistance program (EAP) specialist
		Measurement of job satisfaction and organisational culture; employee satisfaction survey; regulations on working hour limits and shift scheduling without long shifts		V				SP: Leadership materials for management; fatigue and stress management for workers; immediate response to findings/reports; regularly updated risk register
		Work stress screening, medical check-up (MCU), and treatment			V	V		DT: Work stress questionnaire, involving a psychologist or psychiatrist
		Medical and occupational rehabilitation					V	RW: Occupational health physician or occupational medicine specialist, EAP specialist, psychologist, and employee assistance program (EAP) specialist