TABLE 2.

Progression of coronary atherosclerosis according to saturated fat intake¹

	Quartile of saturated fat intake (range of intake, % of energy)
	1 (3.5–7.0)	2 (7.1–8.6)	3 (8.7–10.5)	4 (10.6–16.0)	P for trend
Minimal coronary artery diameter (mm)
Baseline	1.86 ± 0.042	1.91 ± 0.04	1.90 ± 0.04	2.02 ± 0.043	0.01
Adjusted baseline	1.93 ± 0.06	1.92 ± 0.05	1.87 ± 0.04	1.95 ± 0.06	0.90
Follow-up	1.71 ± 0.05	1.82 ± 0.05	1.81 ± 0.05	1.95 ± 0.054	0.002
Adjusted follow-up	1.71 ± 0.07	1.82 ± 0.05	1.79 ± 0.05	1.95 ± 0.08	0.10
Change	−0.15 ± 0.03	−0.08 ± 0.03	−0.07 ± 0.033	−0.06 ± 0.033	0.02
Adjusted change	−0.22 ± 0.04	−0.10 ± 0.034	−0.07 ± 0.034	−0.01 ± 0.045	0.001
Coronary artery stenosis (% of reference diameter)
Baseline	30.8 ± 1.1	29.5 ± 1.4	30.4 ± 1.1	28.1 ± 1.4	0.14
Adjusted baseline	29.4 ± 1.6	29.0 ± 1.2	31.2 ± 1.2	29.4 ± 1.7	0.85
Follow-up	36.9 ± 1.6	32.9 ± 1.6	34.1 ± 1.6	30.4 ± 1.64	0.01
Adjusted follow-up	37.4 ± 2.2	33.0 ± 1.7	34.7 ± 1.6	29.7 ± 2.4	0.09
Change	6.0 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 1.03	2.0 ± 1.04	0.009
Adjusted change	8.0 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 1.14	2.7 ± 1.04	−0.1 ± 1.54	0.002

¹All values were estimated by using maximum likelihood random-effects regression models, adjusted for angiographic characteristics, including location of coronary segment, length of follow-up, enrollment site, and early coronary angiography; change also adjusted for baseline angiographic measurements. Adjusted models were further adjusted for age, education (<high school, high school, >high school), diabetes mellitus, smoking status (current, former, and never), pack-years of smoking, use of lipid-lowering medication, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, and total energy intake.

²x¯± SE (all such values).

^3–5Significantly different from quartile 1: ³ P < 0.05, ⁴ P < 0.01, ⁵ P < 0.001.