TABLE 5.
Clinical trials including dietary intervention for primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD)1
| Trial | Population | Intervention | Outcome | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research Committee, 1965 (33) | 264 men post-MI | ↓Total fat | MI and fatal CHD ↑1% | NS |
| Medical Research Council, 1968 (34) | 393 men post-MI | ↑ALA, ↓ saturated fat | MI and fatal CHD ↓18% | NS |
| Oslo Diet-Heart, 1970 (35) | 412 men post-MI | ↑P:S | CHD mortality ↓16% | 0.10 |
| Sydney Diet-Heart, 1978 | 458 men post-MI | ↑P:S | Total mortality ↑42% | < 0.01 |
| (36) | ||||
| Los Angeles Veterans, 1968 (37) | 846 men | ↑P:S | MI and sudden death ↓33% | NS |
| Oslo Study Group, 1981 (38) | 1232 men | ↓Total fat, ↓saturated fat; ↑fiber2 | MI and fatal CHD ↓46% | 0.03 |
| European Collaborative Group, 1986 (39) | 60 881 men | ↓Total fat, ↓saturated fat3 | MI and fatal CHD ↓10% | 0.07 |
| MRFIT, 1990 (40) | 12 866 men | ↓Total fat, ↑P:S4 | CHD mortality ↓11% | NS |
| Finnish Mental Hospital, 1979 (41) | 461 men | ↑↑ALA, ↑P:S | ECG change and CHD death ↓68% | 0.03 |
| Finnish Mental Hospital, 1983 (42) | 591 women | ↑↑ALA, ↑P:S | ECG change and CHD death ↓60% | 0.10 |
| Minnesota Coronary Survey, 1989 (43) | 4664 women, 4393 men | ↑P:S | MI and sudden death ↑6% | NS |
| DART, 1989 (44)5 | 2033 men post-MI | Cereal fiber | CHD death ↑27% | NS |
| DART, 1989 (44)5 | 2033 men post-MI | Fatty fish | CHD death ↓32% | < 0.01 |
| Singh et al, 1992 (45) | 505 men post-MI | Nuts, fruit, and vegetables, whole grains | MI and sudden death ↓40% | < 0.001 |
| Lyon Diet-Heart, 1994 (46) | 61 women, 544 men post-MI | Canola oil, legumes, fruit and vegetables, fish | MI and CHD death ↓73% | 0.001 |
| Indo-Mediterranean Diet- Heart, 2002 (47) | 103 women, 897 men | Nuts, fruit and vegetables, whole grains | MI and sudden death ↓52% | < 0.001 |
1
MRFIT, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial; DART, Diet and Reinfarction Trial; MI, myocardial infarction; P:S, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids; ECG, electrocardiogram; ALA, α-linolenic acid.
2
Intervention group also received advice on smoking cessation.
3
Intervention group also received advice on smoking cessation, blood pressure control, weight control, and exercise.
4
Intervention group also received advice on smoking cessation and drug treatment to control hypertension.
5
2 × 2 factorial design.