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. 2025 Nov 28;27:e76801. doi: 10.2196/76801

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants in a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical efficacy of smartphone-based rehabilitation in individuals with chronic respiratory disease, conducted at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2023.


Total (n=70) Intervention (n=46) Control (n=24) P value U value
Age (years), median (IQR) 65.5 (61.0-72.0) 64.0 (60.0-68.0) 67.5 (62.5-74.5) .14 434.00
Sex (male), n (%) 48 (68.6) 35 (76.1) 13 (54.2) .06 N/Aa
Body weight (kg), median (IQR) 61.0 (54.0-71.4) 61.0 (54.0-71.8) 59.0 (53.0-70.2) .34 483.50
Height (cm), median (IQR) 167.0 (160.0-172.0) 168.1 (161.0-172.0) 164.5 (157.0-168.0) .04 383.00
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) 23.0 (20.0-25.4) 23.0 (19.8-25.3) 22.9 (20.8-25.6) .89 541.00
Ever-smoker 44 (62.9) 32 (69.6) 12 (50.0) .11 N/A
Respiratory disease, n (%) .29 N/A

Obstructive 53 (75.7) 34 (73.9) 19 (79.2)


Bronchiectasis 14 (20.0) 11 (23.9) 3 (12.5)


Restrictive 3 (4.3) 1 (2.2) 2 (8.3)

Comorbidities, n (%)

Diabetes mellitus 9 (12.9) 5 (10.9) 4 (16.7) .48 N/A

Hypertension 20 (28.6) 13 (28.3) 7 (29.2) .94 N/A

Dyslipidemia 18 (25.7) 11 (23.9) 7 (29.2) .64 N/A

Malignancy 6 (8.6) 2 (4.3) 4 (16.7) .17 N/A

Lung resection 3 (4.3) 1 (2.2) 2 (8.3) .27 N/A

aN/A: not applicable.