Table 2.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of participants between the intervention and control group (per protocol analysis) in a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical efficacy of smartphone-based rehabilitation in individuals with chronic respiratory disease, conducted at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2023.
|
|
Total (n=67), median (IQR) | Intervention (n=43), median (IQR) | Control (n=24) | P value | U value | ||
| Baseline | |||||||
|
|
VO2 maxa (mL/kg/min, n=65) | 15.3 (11.5-18.3) | 15.7 (12.7-19.2) | 13.4 (9.0-16.1) | .06 | 339.50 | |
|
|
CATb score | 14.0 (8.0-19.0) | 16.0 (9.5-20.0) | 11.0 (7.5-17.0) | .08 | 380.50 | |
|
|
IPAQc (n=65) | 693.0 (23.1-1535.3) | 792.0 (26.0-1737.8) | 445.5 (11.6-1188.0) | .23 | 386.50 | |
|
|
mMRCd dyspnea scale | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | 2.0 (1.0-2.0) | .53 | 472.50 | |
|
|
EQ-5D-5L index | 0.816 (0.752-0.862) | 0.816 (0.743-0.861) | 0.822 (0.777-1.000) | .41 | 453.50 | |
|
|
HINT-8e index | 0.804 (0.750-0.862) | 0.792 (0.735-0.859) | 0.811 (0.784-0.863) | .16 | 409.00 | |
|
|
FEV1f (%predicted) | 51.0 (42.5-65.8) | 57.0 (44.3-66.8) | 49.0 (38.5-56.0) | .11 | 394.00 | |
|
|
FVCg (%predicted) | 73.0 (66.3-87.5) | 75.0 (66.3-87.5) | 72.0 (64.0-86.0) | .39 | 450.00 | |
|
|
DLCOh (%predicted) | 58.0 (45.0-67.0) | 61.0 (53.5-67.0) | 50.0 (45.0-65.0) | .30 | 436.00 | |
|
|
Hand grip strength (kg) | 32.0 (25.7-39.2) | 33.7 (28.0-41.0) | 27.9 (21.5-37.1) | .12 | 397.50 | |
|
|
Limb muscle mass (kg) | ||||||
|
|
Upper limb | 4.8 (3.5-5.7) | 5.0 (3.9-6.0) | 4.3 (3.3-5.5) | .06 | 371.00 | |
|
|
Lower limb | 15.0 (12.4-16.8) | 15.6 (13.1-17.0) | 14.5 (10.8-15.6) | .05 | 365.50 | |
| Follow-up | |||||||
|
|
VO2 max (mL/kg/min, n=65) | 12.9 (11.0-16.1) | 14.0 (10.6-18.4) | 12.7 (11.3-13.7) | .24 | 389.00 | |
|
|
CAT score | 8.0 (5.0-16.8) | 7.0 (4.0-15.0) | 10.0 (6.5-18.5) | .04 | 358.50 | |
|
|
IPAQ (n=62) | 1386.0 (876.0-2772.0) | 1488.0 (1250.3-3027.8) | 1164.0 (618.8-2205.0) | .04 | 290.50 | |
|
|
mMRC dyspnea scale | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | 1.0 (1.0-1.8) | 2.0 (1.0-2.0) | .01 | 346.50 | |
|
|
EQ-5D-5L index | 0.862 (0.786-1.000) | 0.871 (0.814-1.000) | 0.829 (0.768-1.000) | .22 | 425.50 | |
|
|
HINT-8 index | 0.821 (0.751-0.876) | 0.828 (0.767-0.891) | 0.795 (0.728-0.848) | .09 | 385.50 | |
|
|
FEV1 (%predicted) | 50.0 (40.5-67.8) | 58.0 (43.5-69.0) | 45.0 (37.5-54.5) | .06 | 372.00 | |
|
|
FVC (%predicted) | 73.0 (67.3-87.5) | 77.0 (69.3-87.5) | 71.5 (63.0-86.0) | .22 | 422.50 | |
|
|
DLCO (%predicted, n=66) | 61.0 (49.0-71.0) | 62.0 (51.0-71.8) | 57.0 (48.0-64.8) | .20 | 400.00 | |
|
|
Hand grip strength (kg) | 32.7 (22.7-39.5) | 33.3 (27.7-41.7) | 24.0 (20.6-37.0) | .08 | 380.00 | |
|
|
Limb muscle mass (kg) | ||||||
|
|
Upper limb | 4.6 (3.6-5.9) | 4.8 (3.8-6.1) | 4.3 (3.5-5.5) | .17 | 411.50 | |
|
|
Lower limb | 15.0 (12.2-16.8) | 15.4 (13.0-16.9) | 14.4 (10.8-16.0) | .08 | 381.00 | |
aVO2 max: maximal oxygen consumption. It was measured using a cardiopulmonary exercise test.
bCAT: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test.
cIPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
dmMRC: modified Medical Research Council.
eHINT-8: Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items.
fFEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second.
gFVC: forced vital capacity.
hDLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.