Figure 1.

Experimental design. (A) Example trial sequence. After stable fixation has been verified, dynamic streams consisting of vertically oriented distractor Gabors alternating with noise patches were presented throughout the trial. Embedded in one of the dynamic streams was a test Gabor tilted counterclockwise or clockwise to vertical, and participants judged its orientation by pressing the left/right key after the response tone. In the saccade condition illustrated here, a central line cue pointed toward one of the two relevant locations. The tilted test Gabor always appeared at the cued location, between 0 and 220 ms after cue onset (i.e., during saccade preparation). In the fixation condition, no cue was presented, and participants maintained fixation throughout the trial. (B) Stimulus timing relative to cue onset. Solid gray lines indicate that the respective event was present. Dashed gray lines indicate jittered delays (the corresponding event could begin anytime between the start and end of the dashed line). In red is the hypothetical distribution of saccade onset (i.e., latency). We only included trials in which the test offset was before the saccade onset. (C) Group average visual sensitivity as a function of location (upper/lower) and eye movement condition (fixation/saccade). Error bars indicate ± 1 SEM.