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. 2025 Dec 3;16:1714617. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1714617

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Copyright © 2025 Wang, Shafiq, Ding and He.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram illustrating the importance of selenium and biofortification methods. It shows the health benefits, including cardiovascular health, thyroid regulation, and immune function, emphasizing that over one billion people are selenium deficient. Biofortification methods described include soil and foliar application, with chemical structures of selenite and selenate. Molecular mechanisms show selenium conversion to selenoamino acids, formation of selenoproteins, and transport through plant membranes. — Schematic diagram showing the importance and methods for enhancing Se biofortification in crops alongside molecular mechanisms involved therein.