Table 2.

Values and value ranges used in the simulation (based on values used in [2])

Property/constant	Description	Value/value range
	Maximum comfortable acceleration	(0.20, 2.00)
	Maximum allowable acceleration	(2.50, 3.50) [59]
	Maximum comfortable deceleration	(− 0.50, − 1.50)
	Minimum acceptable time headway	(0.50, 3.50)
	Decision time	(0.50, 1.50)
	Punitive sensitivity factor (exclusive to )	(0.15, 0.35)
	Initial velocity	: (8, 18) ; : (4, 10)
	Initial distance between the vehicles	(14, 89)
	Desired velocity (exclusive to )	(0.75, 1.50) ×
	penalty reduction factor	(0.10, 0.20)
	Total number of distraction timesteps	10 (5–8 )
	Maximum number of timesteps	63 (31.5–34.5 )
	Lane change duration	5 [60, 61]
	General motors sensitivity factors	1
	Timestep (from onward)	0.5
	Phantom vehicle time headway *	4
	Crash penalty	− 250
	Maximum safe deceleration	− 4.5 [59, 62]

*Used in free-flow mode to simulate gradual return to initial/desired velocity