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. 2025 Dec 17;7(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s42979-025-04533-w

Table 4.

Probabilities of Vehicle Inline graphic issuing various communicative signals

Signal category Description Probability of occurrence
Attentive cooperative Attentive punitive Distracted cooperative Distracted punitive
Implicit: acceleration Inline graphic alters its velocity as appropriate 1 1 0.5 0.5
Explicit: attention e.g. eye contact Inline graphic makes eye contact with Inline graphic 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Explicit: intention e.g. gestures Inline graphic issues a cooperative signal (if Inline graphic) 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.05
Inline graphic issues a threatening signal (if Inline graphic) 0.1 0.8 0.05 0.1