Table 2. Clinicopathological characteristics after propensity score matching.

Characteristic	VATS group (n = 55)	RATS group (n = 55)	p-Value
Age (years)	67.8 ± 1.7 (17–87)	69.1 ± 1.2 (47–87)	0.53
Sex, male/female (%)	24 (43.6%)/31 (56.4%)	25 (45.5%)/30 (54.5%)	0.85
Height (cm)	159.5 ± 1.2 (144–182)	158.8 ± 1.2 (142–177)	0.69
Body weight (kg)	61.0 ± 1.6 (42.6–93.5)	59.7 ± 1.6 (36–92.2)	0.54
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 0.5 (17.7–38.2)	23.6 ± 0.5 (14.9–33.0)	0.63
Smoking history, yes/no (%)	29 (52.7%)/26 (47.3%)	27 (49.1%)/28 (50.9%)	0.70
Performance status, 0/1 (%)	53 (96.4%)/2 (3.6%)	54 (98.2%)/1 (1.8%)	0.56
Past medical history
Hypertension	11 (8.6%)	20 (34.5%)	0.06
Malignant disease	9 (7.0%)	8 (13.8%)	0.79
Arrhythmia	2 (1.6%)	3 (5.2%)	0.65
Ischemic heart disease	4 (3.1%)	2 (3.4%)	0.40
Diabetes mellitus	1 (0.8%)	2 (3.4%)	0.56
Interstitial lung disease	1 (0.8%)	1 (1.7%)	1.00
Cerebrovascular disease	0 (0%)	2 (3.4%)
Operative time (min)	156 ± 5.9 (90–304)	172 ± 5.7 (84–280)	0.06
Blood loss (mL)	30 ± 7.7 (1–322)	40 ± 12.1 (1–522)	0.45
Lobectomy procedure types			0.90
RUL	21 (38.2%)	22 (40.0%)
RML	2 (3.6%)	1 (1.8%)
RLL	16 (29.1%)	13 (23.6%)
LUL	11 (20.0%)	12 (21.8%)
LLL	5 (9.1%)	7 (12.7%)
Postoperative complications
Pulmonary complications	14 (25.5%)	8 (13.8%)	0.15
Cardiovascular complications	5 (9.1%)	3 (5.2%)	0.46
Histologic type			0.46
Adenocarcinoma	46 (83.6%)	43 (78.2%)
Squamous cell carcinoma	4 (7.3%)	8 (14.5%)
Others	5 (9.1%)	4 (7.3%)
Pathological stage			0.56
0–IA	47 (85.5%)	43 (78.2%)
IB	6 (10.9%)	10 (18.2%)
II–III	2 (3.6%)	2 (3.6%)

Data are expressed as group mean ± standard error (range) or number (%).

BMI: body mass index; yes/no: former and current smoker/never; RUL: right upper lobectomy; RML: right middle lobectomy; RLL: right lower lobectomy; LUL: left upper lobe lobectomy; LLL: left lower lobectomy; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; RATS: robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery