Table 1.
Basic clinical characteristics of research subjects.
| Parameter | CHF-CPE group (n = 58) | CHF-pneumonia group (n = 75) | CHF-control group (n = 30) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.00 ((61.75, 77.50) | 72.00 (60.00, 81.00) | 68.00 (61.75, 75.50) | 0.291 |
| Male, n(%) | 29 (50.0%) | 48 (64.0%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.267 |
| Department source, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Emergency/Intensive Care Unit | 8 (13.8%) | 12 (16.0%) | 0 (0) | |
| Cardiovascular medicine | 25 (43.1%) | 39 (52.0%) | 18 (60.0%) | |
| Respiratory medicine | 2 (3.4%) | 9 (12.0%) | 0 (0) | |
| Nephrology medicine | 15 (25.9%) | 13 (17.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| Other internal or surgical medicine | 7 (12.1%) | 2 (2.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| Other outpatient | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0) | 8 (26.7%) | |
| Respiratory Support, n(%) | 0.682 | |||
| Spontaneous breath | 10 (17.2%) | 9 (12.0%) | – | |
| Nasal cannula/mask oxygen inhalation | 42 (72.4%) | 57 (76.0%) | – | |
| High flow oxygen therapy/mechanical ventilation | 6 (10.3%) | 9 (12.0%) | – | |
| New York Heart Association | <0.001 | |||
| Class II | 5 (8.6%) | 13 (17.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | |
| Class III | 28 (48.3%) | 29 (38.7%) | 19 (63.3%) | |
| Class IV | 25 (43.1%) | 33 (44.0%) | 0 (0) | |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||
| Coronary heart disease | 43 (74.1%) | 50 (66.7%) | 21 (70.0%) | 0.648 |
| Hypertension | 41 (70.7%) | 47 (62.7%) | 21 (70.0%) | 0.573 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 21 (36.2%) | 20 (26.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.143 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (3.4%) | 5 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.637 |
| Diabetes | 15 (25.9%) | 15 (20.0%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.723 |
| Respiratory rate, times/min | 22.50 (21.00, 25.25) | 22.00 (21.00, 25.00) | 19.00 (18.00, 19.25)a,b | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 85.00 (74.00, 98.00) | 80.00 (72.00, 92.00) | 76.00 (62.50, 86.00)a,b | 0.011 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 134.43 ± 23.69 | 127.20 ± 20.09 | 130.27 ± 21.68 | 0.167 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76.64 ± 13.94 | 71.85 ± 12.33a | 74.17 ± 10.96 | 0.011 |
| Fraction of inspired oxygen | 0.29 (0.29, 0.33) | 0.29 (0.29, 0.33) | 0.21 (0.21, 0.21)a,b | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 96.00 (91.99, 98.00) | 96.34 (93.49, 98.00) | 98.75 (96.58, 99.00)a,b | <0.001 |
a
P < 0.05, compared with CHF-CPE group.
b
P < 0.05, compared with CHF-pneumonia group.