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. 2025 Dec 19;5(1):194. doi: 10.1007/s44192-025-00314-2

Table 3.

Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and depression among all participants, healthy elderly, and elderly with underlying chronic diseases

Urinary metabolites All participants (n = 688) Heathy elderly (n = 281) Elderly with underlying chronic diseases (n = 407)
CrudeORs (95% CI) AdjustedORs (95%CI)a Crude ORs (95% CI) Adjusted ORs (95% CI)b Crude ORs (95% CI) Adjusted ORs (95% CI)b
MEHP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 0.76(0.52–1.11) 0.79(0.54–1.17) 0.96(0.53–1.72) 1.03(0.56–1.89) 0.75(0.45–1.25) 0.72(0.44–1.18)
Tertile 3 1.09(0.76–1.58) 1.12(0.77–1.65) 1.10(0.62–1.97) 1.09(0.59–2.01) 1.14(0.69–1.89) 1.17(0.72–1.88)
MiBP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.07 (0.74–1.56) 1.13(0.77–1.65) 0.88(0.49–1.57) 0.88(0.49–1.61) 1.19(0.73–1.92) 1.28(0.77–2.11)
Tertile 3 0.78(0.54–1.13) 0.91(0.62–1.33) 0.62(0.34–1.11) 0.58(0.31–1.08) 1.14(0.71–1.85) 1.13(0.69–1.87)
MnBP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.10(0.75–1.61) 1.10(0.75–1.61) 0.92(0.51–1.64) 0.86(0.47–1.58) 1.15(0.71–1.85) 1.16(0.70–1.92)
Tertile 3 0.83(0.56–1.22) 0.83(0.56–1.22) 0.68(0.38–1.22) 0.67(0.36–1.25) 0.82(0.50–1.33) 0.88(0.53–1.45)
MEP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.10(0.75–1.59) 1.06(0.72–1.56) 0.84(0.47–1.50) 0.79(0.43–1.45) 1.42(0.88–2.31) 1.40(0.84–2.33)
Tertile 3 1.00(0.69–1.45) 0.99(0.68–1.46) 0.85(0.47–1.51) 0.81(0.44–1.49) 1.14(0.70–1.86) 1.18(0.71–1.96)
MMP
Tertile 1 & 2 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 3 0.89(0.64–1.23) 0.87(0.62–1.22) 0.79(0.47–1.33) 0.81(0.47–1.37) 0.96(0.63–1.45) 0.91(0.59–1.41)

a Adjusted for sex, age group, region of residence, education, marital status, employment status, smoking status, alcohol status, and underlying chronic diseases

b Adjusted for sex, age group, region of residence, education, marital status, employment status, smoking status, and alcohol status