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. 2025 Dec 19;5(1):194. doi: 10.1007/s44192-025-00314-2

Table 5.

Association between urinary phthalates metabolites and stress among all participants, healthy elderly, and elderly with underlying chronic disease

Urinary metabolites All participants (n = 688) Heathy elderly (n = 281) Elderly with underlying chronic diseases (n = 407)
Crude ORs (95% CI) Adjusted ORs (95% CI)a Crude ORs (95% CI) Adjusted ORs (95% CI)b Crude ORs (95% CI) Adjusted ORs (95% CI)b
MEHP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 0.71(0.39–1.26) 0.68(0.37–1.24) 1.32(0.47–3.70) 1.41(0.49–4.10) 0.54(0.26–1.13) 0.50(0.24–1.07)
Tertile 3 1.16(0.68–1.95) 1.18(0.68–2.04) 2.12(0.82–5.53) 2.10(0.77–5.71) 0.97(0.51–1.84) 0.99(0.51–1.95)
MiBP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.33(0.76–2.32) 1.28(0.72–2.26) 1.12(0.44–2.91) 0.98(0.37–2.64) 1.72(0.86–3.44) 1.68(0.83–3.42)
Tertile 3 1.19(0.68–2.09) 1.16(0.65–2.06) 1.22(0.48–3.10) 1.06(0.40–2.82) 1.19(0.57–2.47) 1.15(0.55–2.43)
MnBP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.22(0.70–2.13) 1.24(0.70–2.19) 1.32(0.47–3.70) 1.23(0.42–3.57) 1.49(0.76–2.92) 1.51(0.75–3.02)
Tertile 3 1.14(0.65–1.99) 1.09(0.61–1.93) 2.12(0.82–5.53) 1.74(0.64–4.76) 0.90(0.44–1.87) 0.88(0.42–1.86)
MEP
Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
Tertile 2 1.30(0.73–2.32) 1.28(0.71–2.32) 1.00(0.36–2.79) 0.96(0.33–2.74) 1.95(0.96–3.94) 1.89(0.91–3.92)
Tertile 3 1.56(0.89–2.73) 1.46(0.83–2.58) 1.84(0.73–4.61) 1.52(0.58–3.96) 1.29(0.61–2.70) 1.20(0.56–2.56)
MMP
Tertile 1 & 2 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference  Reference
Tertile 3 0.96(0.59–1.56) 1.02(0.62–1.66) 1.54(0.71–3.34) 1.62(0.72–3.62) 0.72(0.38–1.35)  0.75(0.39-1.42)

a Adjusted for sex, age group, region of residence, education, marital status, employment status, smoking status, alcohol status, and underlying chronic diseases

b Adjusted for sex, age group, region of residence, education, marital status, employment status, smoking status, and alcohol status