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. 2025 Dec 10;13:1685701. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1685701

Table 4.

Mean differences in support indicators across bidirectional intergenerational support profiles.

Profile Child-to-parent economic support Parent-to-child economic support Frequency of contact Frequency of in-person contact Parent–child emotional closeness Frequency of children helping parents with housework Frequency of parents helping children with housework
MS-MI-LC (I) 3.9908 (1.745) 2.1816 (1.60492) 2.3269 (0.74463) 2.5353 (0.99712) 2.0232 (0.07105) 3.0801 (1.20044) 3.8739 (1.37498)
HS-HI-HC (II) 4.6167 (1.66453) 2.7032 (1.79517) 1.6951 (0.51639) 1.8589 (0.51512) 2.9986 (0.01799) 2.1681 (0.7274) 3.609 (1.43511)
CS-LI-HC (III) 4.0016 (1.60347) 1.7049 (1.2825) 2.4396 (0.6446) 3.0616 (0.7793) 2.9968 (0.02547) 4.057 (0.84514) 4.6521 (0.73127)
LS-LI-MC (IV) 3.9015 (1.32425) 1.8993 (1.28483) 2.4173 (0.66169) 2.5965 (0.75897) 2.5312 (0.13001) 3.17 (1.01658) 4.1398 (1.06587)
F 100.079*** 218.589*** 936.41*** 1564.965*** 104810.253*** 2509.484*** 390.998***
LSD 4 < 1 < 3 < 2 3 < 4 < 1 < 2 2 < 1 < 4 < 3 2 < 1 < 4 < 3 1 < 4 < 3 < 2 2 < 1 < 4 < 3 2 < 1 < 4 < 3

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.