Table 2. χ2 analysis of DASS-21 mental health indicators among patients with long COVID: differences by sex, education, and healthcare workers.
| Sex | Educational level | Healthcare workers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Non-university | University | Non-healthcare | Healthcare | ||||
| Variables | n (%) | n (%) | P | n (%) | n (%) | P | n (%) | n (%) | P |
| Stress | |||||||||
| Normal | 20 (15.87) | 3 (10.34) | 0.399 | 6 (7.89) | 17 (21.52) | 0.131 | 12 (12.77) | 11 (18.03) | 0.274 |
| Mild | 20 (15.87) | 4 (13.79) | 15 (19.74) | 9 (11.39) | 13 (13.83) | 11 (18.03) | |||
| Moderate | 27 (21.43) | 5 (17.24) | 16 (21.05) | 16 (20.25) | 19 (20.21) | 13 (21.31) | |||
| Severe | 37 (29.37) | 14 (48.28) | 25 (32.89) | 26 (32.91) | 30 (31.91) | 21 (34.43) | |||
| Extremely severe | 22 (17.46) | 3 (10.34) | 14 (18.42) | 11 (13.92) | 20 (21.28) | 5 (8.20) | |||
| Anxiety | |||||||||
| Normal | 23 (18.25) | 4 (13.79) | 0.515 | 9 (11.84) | 18 (22.78) | 0.093 | 12 (12.77) | 15 (24.59) | 0.077 |
| Mild | 5 (3.97) | 1 (3.45) | 2 (2.63) | 4 (5.06) | 3 (3.19) | 3 (4.92) | |||
| Moderate | 26 (20.63) | 3 (10.34) | 15 (19.74) | 14 (17.72) | 17 (18.09) | 12 (19.67) | |||
| Severe | 16 (12.70) | 3 (10.34) | 14 (18.42) | 5 (6.33) | 9 (9.57) | 10 (16.39) | |||
| Extremely severe | 56 (44.44) | 18 (62.07) | 36 (47.37) | 38 (48.10) | 53 (56.38) | 21 (34.43) | |||
| Depression | |||||||||
| Normal | 29 (23.02) | 6 (20.69) | 0.592 | 12 (15.79) | 23 (29.11) | 0.356 | 16 (17.02) | 19 (31.15) | 0.044 |
| Mild | 20 (15.87) | 3 (10.34) | 11 (14.47) | 12 (15.19) | 12 (12.77) | 11 (18.03) | |||
| Moderate | 28 (22.22) | 5 (17.24) | 18 (23.68) | 15 (18.99) | 19 (20.21) | 14 (22.95) | |||
| Severe | 16 (12.70) | 3 (10.34) | 11 (14.47) | 8 (10.13) | 16 (17.02) | 3 (4.92) | |||
| Extremely severe | 33 (26.19) | 12 (41.38) | 24 (31.58) | 21 (26.58) | 31 (32.98) | 14 (22.95) | |||
The percentage of females is 81.30% and males is 18.70%. The proportion of non-university graduates is 49.03%, while university graduates account for 50.97%. Additionally, 60.00% are not employed in the healthcare sector, and 40.00% are employed within the healthcare sector.