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. 2025 Dec 7;14(12):1469. doi: 10.3390/antiox14121469
AAPH azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride 
ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
ADMET absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
AMP adenosine monophosphate 
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
APCI antioxidant potential composite index
CAT catalase 
CCI4 carbon tetrachloride
DAD diode-array detector 
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DTC differentiated thyroid cancer
DW dry weight
EC50 half maximal effective concentration
EGFR-TKIs epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Eos essential oils
ESI-HR-MS/MS electrospray ionization–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry 
FIC fractional inhibitory concentration
FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
GAE gallic acid equivalent
GC-MS gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GPX glutathione peroxidase 
GR glutathione reductase 
Grx glutaredoxin
GS growth stage
GSH reduced glutathione
HAT histone acetyltransferases 
HDAC histone deacetylases 
HDF high-fat diet 
HO• hydroxyl radical 
HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detector/electrospray ionization time-of-flight
HPV human papillomavirus 
HS-SPME headspace solid-phase microextraction 
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide 
IC50 inhibitory concentration 50 
Ig immunoglobulin 
LC-ESI-MS/MS liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry 
LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry
LC50 lethal concentration 50
LPS lipopolysaccharide
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
MBC minimum bactericidal concentration 
MDA malondialdehyde 
MDR multidrug-resistance 
MFC minimum fungicidal concentration 
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration 
MS mass spectrometry
MTCC microbial type culture collection 
mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin 
MTT 3-(4,5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 
NF-kB nuclear factor kappa-b
O2.− superoxide anion 
ORAC oxygen radical absorbance capacity
PCR polymerase chain reaction 
PLA2 phospholipase A2
QE quercetin equivalent
qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction
QSAR quantitative structure-activity relationship
RAIT radioactive iodine therapy 
RE rutin equivalent
RNS reactive nitrogen species 
ROS reactive oxygen species 
RT-PCR reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
SEM scanning electron microscopy
SOD superoxide dismutase
STAI state anxiety and trait anxiety
TAC total antioxidant capacity
TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TFC total flavonoid content
TLRC thin-layer radio chromatography 
TPC total phenolic content 
Trx thioredoxin 
TTT total tannin content 
UPLC ultra-performance liquid chromatography
VRE vancomycin-resistant