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. 2025 Nov 29;14(12):1441. doi: 10.3390/antiox14121441
% FRS Percent Free Radical Scavenging
AAPH 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
ACN Acetonitrile
AUC Area Under the Curve
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
CAT Chemometric Agile Tool
CC (cc) Cubic Centimeter
CI Confidence Interval
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
DAD/PDA (UV-Vis) Photodiode Array Detector
DCFH–DA 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate
DCM Dichloromethane
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide
DoE Design of Experiments
DW Dry Weight
FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
GA Gallic Acid
H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide
HaCaT Human Adult Keratinocyte Cell Line
HLB Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balanced
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
ICH Q2(R2) International Council for Harmonisation, Q2(R2)
IC50 Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentration
MAE Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction
MeOH Methanol
MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
Na2CO3 Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous)
nm Nanometer
OD Optical Density
ORAC Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
PSI Pound per Square Inch
QL Quantification Limit
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SD Standard Deviation
SPE Solid-Phase Extraction
TE Trolox Equivalents
TPC Total Phenolic Content
Trolox (±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid
UHPLC Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
UAE Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
UV-Vis Ultraviolet–Visible
W Watt