Table 2.

Multivariable analysis identifying predictors of MACCE-90

Characteristic		Univariate Analysis (MACCE-90)			Multivariate Analysis (MACCE-90)
		HR1	95% CI1	p-value	HR1	95% CI1	p-value
Age (years)		0.99	0.98, 1.01	0.47
Sex
Female		—	—		—	—
Male		1.49	1.09, 2.05	0.01	1.88	1.27, 2.78	< 0.01
Charlson Index		1.01	0.95, 1.09	0.68	1.01	0.93, 1.10	0.80
RCRI Score		0.88	0.69, 1.12	0.31	1.03	0.74, 1.43	0.90
Operation Duration (min)		1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.28
Anesthesia Duration (min)		1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.18	1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.23
BMI (kg/m²)		1.02	1.00, 1.04	0.06	1.01	0.99, 1.03	0.15
Surgery Approach
Endoscopic		—	—
Open		1.09	0.80, 1.47	0.60
Creatinine (mg/dL)		0.96	0.80, 1.14	0.62
Glucose (mg/dL)		1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.77
HbA1c (%)		1.00	0.77, 1.31	0.98
Albumin (g/dL)		0.74	0.56, 0.98	0.03	0.84	0.57, 1.25	0.37
CRP (mg/L)		0.99	0.96, 1.04	> 0.90
Estimated Blood Loss (L)		1.15	1.02, 1.29	0.03	1.19	1.03, 1.37	0.02
Urine Output (L)		1.34	0.65, 2.77	0.43
Crystalloid Volume (L)		1.17	0.98, 1.40	0.08	1.28	1.00, 1.65	0.05
Colloid Infusion (mL)
Yes		1.44	1.01, 2.04	0.04	1.25	0.65, 2.40	0.53
Blood Product Transfusion
Yes		1.29	0.85, 1.96	0.24
Vasopressor Infusion
Yes		1.14	0.73, 1.79	0.56
Hypotension Occurrence
Yes	1.24		0.88, 1.74	0.22

¹ HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval