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. 2025 Dec 6;12(12):1333. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12121333
C. acnes Cutibacterium acnes
TEWL Transepidermal water loss
PSUs Pilosebaceous units
AR Androgen receptor
DHT Dihydrotestosterone
ACSL Acyl-CoA synthetase
IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1
PPAR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
RXR Retinoid X receptor
PPARγ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
SCD1 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1
RARs Retinoic acid receptors
Hh Hedgehog
TLR Toll-like receptor
AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
MC5R Melanocortin receptor 5
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
CRH Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
α-MSH α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
ACTH Adrenocotricotropic hormone
9cisRA 9-cis retinoic acid, LTB leukotriene
AA Arachidonic acid
LA Linoleic acid
GH Growth hormone
NY Neuropeptide Y
PG Prostaglandin
ER Estrogen receptor
LOX Lipoxygenase
LTA4 Hydrolase leukotriene A4 hydrolase
13cisRA 13-cis-Retinoic Acid
atRA all-trans-Retinoic Acid
LXR Liver X Receptor
15-HETE 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid
COX Cyclooxygenase
ROS Reactive oxygen species
LEP Leptin
3D-SeboSkin 3D sebaceous skin model
SRD5A1/2 Steroid 5-alpha-reductase type 1/2
AREs Androgen response elements
PPRE PPAR response element
CD36 Cluster of differentiation 36
PLIN2 Perilipin-2
mTORC1 Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Akt Ak strain transforming
S6K Ribosomal protein S6 kinase
TCF/LEF T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor
MyD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
HDAC Histone deacetylase
IL-33 Interleukin-33