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. 2025 Nov 27;14(12):1429. doi: 10.3390/antiox14121429
AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
BCA Bicinchoninic acid
C1q Complement component 1q
DHK Dihydrokainic acid
DTNB 5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
EAATs Excitatory amino acid transporters
ECL Enhanced chemiluminescence
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Glu Glutamate
HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1
IHC Immunohistochemistry
IL-1α Interleukin-1 alpha
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
MDA Malondialdehyde
MPTP 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NMDARs N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
Nrf2 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2
OFT Open field test
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PD Parkinson’s disease
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids
SOD1/2 Superoxide dismutase 1/2
TBA Thiobarbituric acid
TH Tyrosine hydroxylase
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
WST-1 Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1