| BMI | body mass index |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CPT1 | carnitine O-palmitoiltransferase 1 |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DAMP(s) | damage-associated molecular pattern(s) |
| GLP-1RA | glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 agonist(s) |
| HOMA-IR | homeostasis model of insulin resistance |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| IRR | incidence rate ratio |
| ISR1/2 | insulin receptor substrate 1/2) |
| IST | insulin tolerance test |
| MACE | major adverse cardiovascular events |
| MASLD | metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
| MASH | metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| OR | odds ratio |
| PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome |
| QUICKI | quantitative insulin sensitivity check index |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2 | sodium-glucose transporter 2 |
| SHBG | sex hormone binding globulin |
| SRRI | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
| THR-β | thyroid hormone receptor-β |
| T2D | type 2 diabetes |
| TLR4 | toll-like receptor 4 |
| TyG | triglyceride-glucose index |