| 4-HNE | 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
| Nrf2-pS40 (phospho-Nrf2 Ser40) | Phosphorylated Nrf2 at serine 40 |
| NeuN | Neuronal nuclei antigen/RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 |
| AQP4 | Aquaporin-4 |
| AKT | Protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) |
| Akt-pS473 (phospho-Akt Ser473) | Phosphorylated Akt at serine 473 |
| β-catenin | Beta-catenin |
| KEAP1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| CASP3 | Caspase-3 |
| CASP9 | Caspase-9 |
| HMOX1 | Heme oxygenase 1 |
| HMOX2 | Heme oxygenase 2 |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha |
| PARK7 | Parkinsonism associated deglycase |
| JUN | Transcription factor Jun |
| FOXO (FOXO1/3/4) | Forkhead box O transcription factors |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin 1 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| MAPK8 (JNK1) | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 |
| p53 (TP53) | Tumor protein p53 |
| NQO1 | NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 |
| SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase 1 |
| SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2 |
| GSR | Glutathione reductase |
| TXN | Thioredoxin |
| GPXs (GPX1–8) | Glutathione peroxidases |