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. 2025 Dec 9;26(24):11875. doi: 10.3390/ijms262411875
Ligand UV-Vis Evolution ΔGrs (Thermodynamic Stability) Conclusion
Picolinic Acid (B3_D) Fastest and most complete reaction. Lowest affinity (least negative ΔGrs among pyridines). The chelate effect provides a kinetic advantage, enabling a faster reaction, but the resulting complex is the least thermodynamically stable.
Nicotinamide (B3_B) Fast initial change, stable final complex. Highest affinity (most negative ΔGrs among pyridines). The complex is both kinetically accessible and thermodynamically favoured, likely due to optimal electronic fit and bond strength.