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. 2025 Dec 11;14(24):4266. doi: 10.3390/foods14244266
NIR Near-infrared
BWO Beluga whale optimization
DBWO Discretized BWO
PLS Partial least squares
RT Randomization test
UVE Uninformative variable elimination
MC-UVE Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination
ANN Artificial neural network
PCR Principal component regression
SVR Support vector regression
GPR Gaussian process regression
ELM Extreme learning machine
SI Swarm intelligence
LVs Latent variables
RMSEP Root mean square error of prediction
R2 Determination coefficients
KS Kennard–Stone
RMSECV Root mean square error of cross validation