| NIR | Near-infrared |
| BWO | Beluga whale optimization |
| DBWO | Discretized BWO |
| PLS | Partial least squares |
| RT | Randomization test |
| UVE | Uninformative variable elimination |
| MC-UVE | Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination |
| ANN | Artificial neural network |
| PCR | Principal component regression |
| SVR | Support vector regression |
| GPR | Gaussian process regression |
| ELM | Extreme learning machine |
| SI | Swarm intelligence |
| LVs | Latent variables |
| RMSEP | Root mean square error of prediction |
| R2 | Determination coefficients |
| KS | Kennard–Stone |
| RMSECV | Root mean square error of cross validation |