Aβ	β-amyloid
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AKT	Protein kinase B
AMPK	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
APP	Amyloid Precursor Protein
AQP4	Aquaporin-4
ARM	Activated response microglia
ASC	Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BAMs	Border-associated macrophages
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CD14	Cluster of Differentiation 14
CD33	Siglec-3
CD36	Cluster of differentiation 36
CD200	Cluster of Differentiation 200
CD200R	Cluster of Differentiation 200 receptor 1
CNS	Central nervous system
Cx30	Connexin 30
Cx43	Connexin 43
CX3CL1	Chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1
CX3CR1	CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1
DAM	Disease-associated microglia
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
DAP10	DNAX-activating protein 10
DAP12	DNAX-activating protein 12
DM	Dark microglia
DRP1	Dynamin-related protein 1
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
Fe2+	Iron
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FIS1	Mitochondrial fission protein 1
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GS	Glutamine synthetase
GSK-3β	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
IAAG	Impaired autophagia associated genes
ICE	Effector protease caspase-1
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
Kir4.1	Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1
ILs	Interleukins
IL-1α	Interleukin-1α
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-4	Interleukin-4
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-18	Interleukin-18
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRF	Interferon Regulatory Factor
JAK	Janus kinase
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
LDAM	Lipid droplet–accumulating microglia
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LRR	Leucine-rich repeat
MAMs	Mitochondria-associated membranes
MD-2	Myeloid differentiation factor-2
MGnD	Microglial neurodegenerative phenotype
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NDD	Neurodegenerative disease
NeuroD1	Neuronal differentiation 1
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NG2	Neuron-glial antigen 2
NICD	Notch intracellular domain
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
NO	Nitric oxide
NOD	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
Notch1	Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PGRN	Precursor protein of granulin
PEDF	Pigment epithelium–derived factor
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PNS	Peripheral nervous system
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PS1	Presenilin 1
P2X7	P2X purinergic receptor 7
RBP-J	Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Ser	Serine
Ser727	Serine-727
SH2	Src homology 2
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SMAD3	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
SYK	Spleen tyrosine kinase
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TIR	Toll/IL 1 receptor
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TNF- α	Tumor necrosis factor α
TREM2	Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
TRIF	TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β
Tyr	Tyrosine
Tyr705	Tyrosine-705
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
WAM	White matter–associated microglia
ZIP	Zrt- and Irt-like protein
ZnTs	Zinc transporters