HF	Heart failure
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HFmrEF	Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
GDMT	Guideline-directed medical therapy
BBs	Beta-blockers
ARNIs	Angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors
ACEi/ARB	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers
MRAs	Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
SGLT2is	Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
WHF	Worsening Heart Failure
AdvHF	Advanced Heart failure
HHF	Hospitalization for Heart failure
MDTs	Multidisciplinary teams
LUS	Lung ultrasound
IVC	Inferior vena cava
VExUS	Venous extended ultrasound
TAPSE/PASP	Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure
NPs	Natriuretic peptides
NYHA	New York Heart Association
BNP	Brain Natriuretic Peptide
DT	E-wave Deceleration Time
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide
sTDI	Right ventricle’s S wave Tissue Doppler Imaging velocity
TDI	Tissue Doppler Imaging
TRV	Tricuspid regurgitation velocity
MAGGIC	Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure score
SHFM	Seattle Heart Failure Model
MECKI	Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Index
I-NEED-HELP	I = inotropes; N: NYHA class III–IV or elevated natriuretic peptides; E = end-organ dysfunction; E = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks; D = decreased ejection fraction; H = hospitalization; E = edema or escalating diuretic requirement; L = low blood pressure; P: poor response to prognostic medical therapy
CPET	Cardiopulmonary exercise testing
pVO2	Peak oxygen consumption
VE/VCO2	Ventilatory efficiency slope
3C-HF	Cardiac and Comorbid Conditions Heart Failure
HFFS	Heart Failure Frailty Score
sHFFS	Simplified-Heart Failure Frailty Score
AI	Artificial intelligence