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. 2025 Nov 28;15(12):1825. doi: 10.3390/life15121825
Authors Study
Design
Population Form of Exposure Most Probable Worst Case Outcome Measured Study Quality
D. H. Rochlin, C. M. Rajasingh, Y. L. Karanas et al. [28] Case Report 23-year-old healthy woman who worked as a chemist in a laboratory dermal exposure - - Healing of the wound, electrolyte testing JBI Checklist for Case Reports: Include
J. Y. Byun, J. Y. Woo, Y. W. Choi et al. [29] Case Report 24-year-old Korean man, healthy, job at an organic chemistry laboratory airborne dermal contact - - allergic contact dermatitis: patch tests JBI Checklist for Case Reports: Include
C. Sun, B. Corbett [30] Case Report 27-year-old male with no past medical history dermal exposure - - distal sensation, strength, pulses, laboratory studies, telemetry monitoring, chemical burn evolution JBI Checklist for Case Reports: Include
C. Nguyen, N. R. Rose, D. B. Njoku [31] Case Report 4-year-old child tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy halothane anesthesia - - Acute liver failure and clinical course JBI Checklist for Case Reports: Include
H. Wark, J. Earl, D. Chau et al. [14] Case Series infants of two and five months halothane anesthesia Patient 1: 29.3 mg/kg bw;
Patient 2: 14.2 mg/kg bw
NA TFA in the bile (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series- seek further information (questions about methods are open)
J. Dahlin, M. Engfeldt, C. Svedman et al. [32] Case Series One 22-year-old male, 4 women between 29 and 48 years of age; all worked at the same medium-sized company, which uses trifluoroacetic acid in its production process dermal exposure - - Healing of the Skin, blood levels, liver levels (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series: Include
P. Hoet, ML. M. Graf, M. Bourdi et al. [33] Case Series industrial workers inhalation of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons - - acute hepatitis/liver disorders: blood biochemistry, liver biopsy sample, (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series- seek further information (questions about methods open)
J. B. Bentley, R. W. Vaughan, A. J. Gandolfi et al. [18] Observational Study 17 morbidly obese, 8 nonobese patients halothane anesthesia Obese: 9.1 mg/kg bw;
Nonobese: 9.4 mg/kg bw (body weight)
Obese: 42.3 mg/kg bw;
Nonobese: 43.6 mg/kg bw
TFA Level in blood Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS): 6 of 9
R. Takiyama, M. Morio, K. Fujii et al. [13] Observational Study Japanese patients without history of blood transfusion, liver disease, general anesthesia, or drug injection; 6 low halothane concentration, 6 high halothane concentration halothane anesthesia Group 1 (low dose, long duration): 43 ± 6 mg/kg bw;
Group 2 (high dose, short duration): 40 ± 10 mg/kg bw
NA TFA in urine Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS): 6 of 9
T. S. Sutton, D. D. Koblin, L. D. Gruenke et al. [20] Observational Study 13 healthy volunteers, 26 healthy patients undergoing elective surgery desflurane anesthesia Volunteers: 2.6 mg/kg bw;
Patients: 1.1 mg/kg bw
Volunteers: 12.2 mg/kg bw; Patients: 5.1 mg/kg bw TFA in blood and urine Not enough information for a NOS assessment
R. Wegner, B. Rincker, B. Poschadel et al. [26] Observational Study All operation staff (anesthetists, surgeons, nurses); 15 men, 16 women inhalation of halothane Anesthetists: 0.016 mg/kg bw;
Surgeons: 0.008 mg/kg bw;
Surgery staff: 0.007 mg/kg bw; Floaters: 0.004 mg/kg bw
Anesthetists: 0.064 mg/kg bw;
Surgeons: 0.031 mg/kg bw;
Surgery staff: 0.030 mg/kg bw;
Floaters: 0.015 mg/kg bw
TFA in urine Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS): 6 of 9
R. A. Moore, K. W. McNicholas, J. D. Gallagher et al. [19] Observational Study Patients with congenital heart disease scheduled for open-heart surgery halothane anesthesia Acyanotic: 36 mg/kg bw;
Cyanotic: 37 mg/kg bw
Acyanotic: 168 mg/kg bw;
Cyanotic: 171 mg/kg bw
TFA in blood Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS): 5 of 9
E. Dallmeier, D. Henschler [34] Pharmacokinetic study Volunteers inhalation of halothane - - TFA in blood Expert opinion: trustworthy
H. Schaffernicht, D. Kuchenbecker, J. Lehmann [25] Pharmacokinetic study 5 anesthetists, 8 volunteers inhalation of halothane Anesthetists: 0.84 mg/kg bw;
Volunteers 0.90 mg/kg bw
Anesthetists: 6.3 mg/kg bw;
Volunteers 7.2 mg/kg bw
TFA in urine Expert opinion: trustworthy
H. Wark, J. Earl, D. D. Chau et al. [15] Pharmacokinetic study Children with mean age of 74 months; 5 healthy, one with cystic fibrosis halothane anesthesia 15.9 ± 3.6 mg/kg bw NA TFA in urine Expert opinion: trustworthy
S. Y. Monté, I. Ismail, D. N. Mallett et al. [17] Pharmacokinetic study healthy male volunteers inhalation of HFA-134a Volunteer 1: 0 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 2: 0.023 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 3: 0.027 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 4: 0.068 µg/kg bw
Volunteer 1: 0.075 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 2: 0.041 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 3: 0.048 µg/kg bw;
Volunteer 4: 0.102 µg/kg bw
TFA in urine Expert opinion: trustworthy
H. Wark, J. Earl, D. D. Chau et al. [16] Pharmacokinetic study children; 5 healthy; one with cystic fibrosis, chronic lung disease and proven liver disease halothane anesthesia 15.9 ± 3.6 mg/kg bw (comparison halothane metabolism in children) NA TFA in urine Expert opinion: trustworthy