| ACC | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| BAT | brown adipose tissue |
| CCK-8 | cell counting kit-8 |
| CIDEA | cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A |
| CMC-Na | sodium carboxy methylcellulose |
| CREA | creatinine |
| DEGs | differentially expressed genes |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| EMO | emodin |
| eWAT | epididymal white adipose tissue |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase |
| FBG | fasting blood glucose |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| FC | fold change |
| FINS | fasting insulin |
| H&E | hematoxylin-eosin |
| HDL-c | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| IBMX | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine |
| IHC | immunohistochemistry |
| iSAT | interscapular subcutaneous adipose tissue |
| LDL-c | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| MASLD | metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
| ORO | oil red o |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α |
| PRDM16 | PR domain containing 16 |
| P/S | penicillin/streptomycin |
| RSG | rosiglitazone |
| SCD1 | stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 |
| SREBP1 | sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| TZD | thiazolidinedione |
| TBIL | total bilirubin |
| TG | triglyceride |
| TBA | total bile acid |
| UCP1 | uncoupling protein 1 |
| UN | urea nitrogen |
| WAT | white adipose tissue |