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. 2025 Nov 24;13(12):415. doi: 10.3390/sports13120415
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
BDI Beck Depression Inventory
BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CAE Continuous aerobic exercise
CAR Cortisol awakening response
CG Control group
CIs Confidence intervals
DASSs Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
DIC Deviance information criterion
GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
GR Glucocorticoid receptor
HIIT High-intensity interval training
HPA Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
HRV Heart rate variability
MCE Multicomponent exercise
MCID Minimum clinically important difference
METs Metabolic equivalents
NMA Network meta-analysis
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
QG Qigong
RCTs Randomized controlled trials
SMDs Standardized mean differences
STAI State–Trait Anxiety Inventory
SUCRA Surface under the cumulative ranking curve
TIDieR Template for Intervention Description and Replication
WHO World Health Organization