ACS	Autologous conditioned serum
AD-MSCs	Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
ADSC-exo	Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes
AE	Adverse event
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
AI	Artificial intelligence
AKT	Protein kinase B (involved in survival and growth signalling)
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase (energy-sensing enzyme)
AMSCs	amniotic membrane stem cells
ASO	Antisense oligonucleotides
ATM	Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (kinase activated by DNA damage)
Bcl-2	B-Cell lymphoma 2 (anti-apoptotic protein)
BCS	Blood cell secretome
BET	Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins
circRNA	circular RNAs
COL8A1	collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain
CoQ10	coenzyme Q10
CRISPR	Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CRISPRa	CRISPR activation (gene upregulation method, without altering the DNA sequence)
CRISPRd	CRISPR-direct
CRP	C reactive protein
D + Q	Dasatinib + quercetin (a common senolytic drug combination)
DDR	DNA damage repair
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNAm	DNA methylation (age)
DNMT1	DNA methyltransferase 1
DRI	D-Retro-inverso (peptide configuration for therapeutic stability)
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EGCG	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
ELN	Elastin
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EPPK	Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
EV	Exosomes/extracellular vesicles
EWAS	Epigenome-wide association study
4F	Yamanaka factors or OSKM factors: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-Myc
FOXO4	Forkhead box O4 (transcription factor involved in senescence survival signalling)
FOXO4-DRI	FOXO4-D-retro-inverso-isoform peptide
GAIS	Global esthetic improvement scale
GLS1	Glutaminase-1
GPNMB	Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (senescence surface marker)
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
HaCaT	Human keratinocyte cell line
HACS	Human adipose tissue-derived exosome-containing solution
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HDACi	Histone deacetylase inhibitor
HIF1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (transcription factor in low oxygen)
HOTAIR	HOX transcript antisense RNA
HPE	Human platelet extract
hUC-MSCs	Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
HUVEC	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
i.p.	Intraperitoneal
i.v.	Intravenous
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1
IIS	IGF-1 signalling pathway
IKK	IκB Kinase (activates NF-κB)
IL-6, IL-8	Interleukin-6, interleukin-8 (pro-inflammatory cytokines, part of SASP)
IPL	Intense pulsed light
i-PRF	Injectable platelet-rich fibrin
iPSCs	Tissue-induced pluripotent stem cells
IRAK1	Interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1
JAK/STAT pathway	Associated Janus kinases/ Signal transducers and activators of transcription
Krt9	Keratin 9 gene
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNAs
LOX	Lysyl oxidase
MAE	Mean absolute error (related to skin epigenetic clocks)
meQTL	Epigenome-wide methylation quantitative loci
miRNA	microRNAs
ML	Machine learning
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteases
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin (a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism)
NAD	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NBDS	Non-bulbar dermal sheath cells
ncRNA	Non-coding RNA
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (inflammation pathway)
OGG1	8-Oxoguanine glycosylase photolyase
OSKM factors	Yamanaka transcription factors or 4F: OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-Myc
OSKMLN factors	Transcription factors OSKM + LIN28 + NANOG
p16Ink4A	Cyclin-dependent kinase Inhibitor 2A (senescence marker)
p53-pS15	p53-Serine15 phosphorylation
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (cell survival signalling pathway)
PKR	Protein kinase R
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (nuclear receptor)
PRC2	Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
PRF	Platelet-rich fibrin
PRP	Platelet-rich plasma
PTEN	Phosphatase and TENsin (tumour suppressor gene)
QC	Quality control
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
Ref	Reference
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RNase	Ribonuclease
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAHF	Senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (pro-inflammatory profile of senescent cells)
SAβGal	Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (marker enzyme for senescent cells)
shRNA	Short hairpin RNA
SIRT	Sirtuin
SOCS	Suppressor of cytokine signalling
α--SMA	alpha-Smooth muscle actin
SPRY1	Sprouty homologue 1
TCA	Trichloracetic acid
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TNF	Tumour necrotic factor
TRAF6	TNF receptor associated factor 6 (inflammatory signalling mediator)
TRF2	Telomeric repeat binding factor 2
UVB	Ultraviolet B
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
WBC	White blood cells