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. 2025 Dec 8;25(24):7460. doi: 10.3390/s25247460
SDP Symmetrized Dot Pattern
ISDP Improved Symmetrized Dot Pattern
PSO Particle Swarm Optimization
ORB Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF
Adaboost-SVM Adaptive Boosting Support Vector Machine
SVM Support Vector Machine
GAF Gramian Angular Field
RP Recurrence Plot
MTF Markov Transition Field
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
BP Backpropagation
VFRA Vibration Frequency Response Analysis
GASF Gramian Angular Summation Field
RBF Radial Basis Function
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph
DTW Dynamic Time Warping
LightGBM Light Gradient Boosting Machine
Adaboost-BP Adaboost with Backpropagation
XGBoost-SVM Extreme Gradient Boosting with Support Vector Machine