PDB-MN	poly(vinyl alcohol)/dextran/borax microneedle
sI-MN	smart insulin-loaded microneedle
SC	subcutaneous
TEWL	transepidermal water loss
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
H&E	hematoxylin and eosin
STZ	streptozotocin
PGL	plasma glucose level
AUC	area under the curve