Table 2.

Summary of Clinical, Imaging, and Histopathological Features of Diseases Presenting with Renal Mass Lesions.

Clinicopathological features	Anastomosing hemangioma	IgG4-related kidney disease	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Frequency	Rare	Rare	Common
Clinical manifestations	None or hematuria, flank pain	Renal dysfunction, mass lesions, proteinuria	Hematuria or bask pain, palpable mass
Histopathology	Benign vascular proliferation with anastomosing sinusoidal-like spaces	Dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, IgG4-positive plasma cells	Malignant epithelial cells forming glandular or solid structures
Immunohistochem-istry	CD31, CD34 positive	IgG4-positive plasma cells	PAX8, RCC marker positive
Radiological findings	Hypoattenuation, arterial enhancement on CT	Diverse lesions such as wedge-shaped areas	Hypervascular mass, often with necrosis on CT/MRI
Treatment	Surgical resection	Immunosuppressive therapy	Surgical resection, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

RCC: Renal cell carcinoma