Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics for the Full Sample and Stratified by Black non-Latiné and White non-Latiné adolescents

	Full Sample		Black non-Latiné		White non-Latiné
	n/M	%/SD	n/M	%/SD	n/M	%/SD	X 2	p-value
All Participants	834		348		352
School
School A	206	25%	183	53%	2	1%
School B	173	21%	60	17%	86	24%
School C	443	54%	103	30%	264	75%
Sex at Birth
Male	379	47%	173	50%	150	43%
Female	431	53%	174	50%	200	57%
Grade
9	221	27%	90	26%	101	29%
10	266	33%	102	29%	119	34%
11	215	26%	81	23%	103	29%
12	111	14%	74	21%	28	8%
Substance Use
Been Drunk	190	23%	67	20%	87	25%	2.79	0.095
Used Cannabis	176	22%	76	22%	68	19%	0.86	0.355
Used Cigarettes	81	10%	23	7%	37	11%	3.30	0.069
Vaped	197	24%	62	18%	94	27%	7.77	0.005
Experiences of Racism
Online	2.59	1.03	2.93	1.11	2.27	0.82	81.50	0.000
Peer	1.43	0.84	1.52	0.92	1.27	0.67	16.67	0.000
School	1.26	0.71	1.33	0.79	1.11	0.48	19.82	0.000
Institutional	1.34	0.81	1.53	0.95	1.10	0.41	59.02	0.000
Teacher	1.28	0.76	1.37	0.82	1.10	0.45	28.64	0.000
Caring Adult Relationships	3.18	0.58	3.11	0.58	3.29	0.57	18.41	0.000
Neighborhood Social Cohesion	3.45	0.83	3.22	0.87	3.65	0.72	50.39	0.000

Note. n/M = frequencies for categorical variables or means for continuous variables; %/SD = percentages for categorical variable or standard deviations for continuous variables

Wald chi-squared difference (X²) test compared Black non-Latiné and White non-Latiné participants on mean levels of substance use endorsement, experiences of racism, and protective factors. A significant p-value for the chi-squared difference (X²) test indicates significant differences across race. Students with other racial or ethnic identities were excluded from comparisons due to low rates (i.e., <5% of sample).