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. 2025 Nov 28;17(11):e97999. doi: 10.7759/cureus.97999

Figure 2. The Multi-Hit Pathogenesis Model of IgA Nephropathy.

Figure 2

This figure was independently created by synthesizing KDIGO’s conceptual framework [3] with findings from multiple recent mechanistic publications.

BAFF = B-cell-activating factor, APRIL = A proliferation-inducing ligand, IgG = Immunoglobulin G, IgA = Immunoglobulin A, Gd-IgA1 = Galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A 1