TABLE 1.

In vitro activities of BMS-284756 and eight other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic human and animal bite pathogens

Organism and agent (no. of isolates)	MIC (μg/ml)s				Organism and agent (no. of isolates)	MIC (μg/ml)s
	Range	50%	90%			Range	50%	90%
Bergeyella zoohelcum (11)
BMS-284756	≤0.015-≤0.015	≤0.015	≤0.015
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-≤0.015	≤0.015	≤0.015
Levofloxacin	0.06-0.125	0.06	0.06
Ciprofloxacin	0.03-0.125	0.06	0.06
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.125
Cefotetan	≤0.06-8	2	8
Penicillin G	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.125
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.125
Doxycycline	0.25-2	2	2
Corynebacterium spp. (19)a
BMS-284756	≤0.015-8	0.25	1
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-2	0.25	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.06-8	2	8
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015->8	2	4
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-2	1	2
Cefotetan	≤0.06->32	32	>32
Penicillin G	≤0.06-2	1	2
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-2	1	2
Doxycycline	0.05-1	0.25	0.25
CDC groups EF-4a and EF-4b (15)b
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.125	≤0.015	0.06
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-0.125	≤0.015	0.06
Levofloxacin	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.06
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.03
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Cefotetan	0.125-4	0.5	1
Penicillin G	≤0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Doxycycline	0.125-0.25	0.25	0.25
Eikenella corrodens (16)
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.125	0.03	0.06
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-0.03	≤0.015	0.03
Levofloxacin	≤0.015-≤0.015	≤0.015	≤0.015
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015-≤0.015	≤0.015	≤0.015
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Cefotetan	0.125-1	0.5	1
Penicillin G	0.125-0.5	0.5	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	0.125-0.5	0.5	0.6
Doxycycline	2-16	4	8
Enterococcus spp. (14)c
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.25	0.03	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.03-0.25	0.06	0.25
Levofloxacin	0.06-1	0.5	1
Ciprofloxacin	0.06-1	0.5	1
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	1
Cefotetan	0.125->32	16	>32
Penicillin G	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	1
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	1
Doxycycline	≤0.06-16	0.125	16
Fastidious gram-negative bacilli (16)d
BMS-284756	≤0.015-1	≤0.015	0.125
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-4	0.06	0.5
Levofloxacin	≤0.015->8	0.03	1
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015-8	0.03	2
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-4	0.25	1
Cefotetan	≤0.06->32	1	>32
Penicillin G	≤0.06-4	0.25	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-4	0.25	0.5
Doxycycline	0.125-4	1	4
Moraxella spp. (21)e
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.03
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.06
Levofloxacin	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.06
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.06
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	≤0.06	0.5
Cefotetan	≤0.06-1	0.125	0.5{tt}/PICK>{tt}
Staphylococcus spp. (19)h
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.125	≤0.015	0.06
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015-0.5	0.06	0.125
Levofloxacin	≤0.015-2	0.125	0.25
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015-2	0.125	0.25
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	0.125	0.25
Cefotetan	≤0.06-32	8	16
Penicillin G	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	0.5
Doxycycline	≤0.06-8	≤0.06	4
“Streptococcus milleri” group (19)i
BMS-284756	0.03-0.5	0.06	0.125
Moxifloxacin	0.06-2	0.25	0.25
Levofloxacin	0.5-8	1	2
Ciprofloxacin	0.5-8	1	4
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	≤0.06	0.25
Cefotetan	1-16	4	16
Penicillin G	≤0.06-0.5	0.125	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.5	0.125	0.5
Doxycycline	≤0.06->32	1	>32
Bacteroides tectus (10)
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.125	0.03	0.06
Moxifloxacin	0.06-0.125	0.06	0.125
Levofloxacin	0.125-0.5	0.25	0.25
Ciprofloxacin	0.5-2	0.5	1
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	≤0.06	0.125
Cefotetan	0.25-8	0.5	0.5
Penicillin G	0.03-32	0.03	0.125
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	0.25
Doxycycline	0.125-8	0.25	0.5
Bacteroides ureolyticus group (13)j
BMS-284756	≤0.015-2	≤0.015	1
Moxifloxacin	≤0.015->8	0.125	>8
Levofloxacin	≤0.015->8	0.125	>8
Ciprofloxacin	≤0.015->8	0.06	>8
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06->32	0.25	>32
Cefotetan	0.125->32	1	>32
Penicillin G	≤0.015->32	0.25	>32
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06->32	0.25	>32
Doxycycline	0.125-2	0.25	2
Eubacterium spp. (13)k
BMS-284756	0.03-0.5	0.06	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.125-1	0.125	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.125-2	0.25	2
Ciprofloxacin	0.25-4	0.5	2
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.25
Cefotetan	0.25-8	0.5	4
Penicillin G	≤0.015-0.5	0.06	0.25
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.125
Doxycycline	≤0.06-2	0.5	2
Fusobacterium russii (9)
BMS-284756	4->8	8	NA
Moxifloxacin	4-8	8	NA
Levofloxacin	>8->8	>8	NA
Ciprofloxacin	>8->8	>8	NA
Amoxicillin-clavulaNAte	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	NA
Cefotetan	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	NA
Penicillin G	≤0.015->32	0.03	NA
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-2	≤0.06	NA
Doxycycline	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	NA
Fusobacterium spp., animal isolates (12)l
BMS-284756	0.125->8	1	>8
Moxifloxacin	0.25->8	1	>8
Levofloxacin	0.25->8	1	>8
Ciprofloxacin	0.125->8	4	>8{tt}
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06
Cefotetan	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.25
Penicillin G	≤0.015-0.25	≤0.015	0.5
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	≤0.06
Doxycycline	0.125-0.5	0.125	0.25
Fusobacterium spp., human isolates (14)m
BMS-284756	≤0.015-0.5	0.25	0.5
Moxifloxacin	0.125-0.25	0.125	0.25
Levofloxacin	0.125-1	0.25	1
Ciprofloxacin	0.25-4	2	4
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	≤0.06
Cefotetan	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	0.5
Penicillin G	≤0.015-0.06	≤0.015	0.06
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	≤0.06
Doxycycline	≤0.06-0.25	0.125	0.25
Peptostreptococcus spp. (23)n
BMS-284756	0.03-0.25	0.06	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.06-2	0.25	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.25->8	0.5	4
Ciprofloxacin	0.25->8	0.5	2
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-2	0.125	1
Cefotetan	≤0.06-8	1	4
Penicillin G	≤0.015-2	0.06	0.25
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-2	0.25	0.5
Doxycycline	≤0.06->32	0.5	32
Porphyromonas macacae (10)
BMS-284756	0.03-0.06	0.06	0.06
Moxifloxacin	0.03-0.125	0.125	0.125
Levofloxacin	0.125-0.5	0.25	0.25
Ciprofloxacin	0.5-1	0.5	1
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	≤0.06
Cefotetan	0.25-1	0.5	1
Penicillin G	0.03-1	0.5	1
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.125	≤0.06	≤0.06
Doxycycline	0.125-16	0.125	0.25
Porphyromonas spp. (12)o
BMS-284756	0.03-0.06	0.03	0.06
Moxifloxacin	0.03-0.125	0.06	0.125
Levofloxacin	0.125-0.5	0.125	0.5
Ciprofloxacin	0.5-2	0.5	1
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06
Cefotetan	≤0.06-0.25	0.125	0.25
Penicillin G	≤0.015-1	≤0.015	≤0.015
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06
Doxycycline	0.125-0.25	0.125	0.25
Prevotella heparinolytica (10)
BMS-284756	0.06-0.25	0.125	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.125-0.25	0.125	0.25
Levofloxacin	0.5-1	0.5	0.5
Ciprofloxacin	2-4	2	4
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	0.125-0.25	0.25	0.25
Cefotetan	1-2	1	2
Penicillin G	0.125-0.25	0.125	0.25
Ampicillin-sulbactam	0.25-0.5	0.25	0.5
Doxycycline	0.125-4	0.125	4
Prevotella spp., pigmented (17)p
BMS-284756	0.06-0.25	0.125	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.25-1	0.25	1
Ciprofloxacin	0.25-2	0.5	2
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.25	≤0.06	0.25
Cefotetan	≤0.06-8	1	4
Penicillin G	≤0.015-16	0.5	8M/PICK>{tt}
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-0.5	0.125	0.5
Doxycycline	≤0.06-8	0.25	2
Prevotella spp., non pigmented (15)q
BMS-284756	0.06-0.25	0.125	0.25
Moxifloxacin	0.06-0.5	0.25	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.25-1	0.5	1
Ciprofloxacin	0.5-2	1	2
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	1
Cefotetan	0.5-32	2	16
Penicillin G	≤0.015-16	0.5	8
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-2	0.125	1
Doxycycline	≤0.06-8	0.25	8
Veillonella spp. (11)
BMS-284756	0.125-4	0.25	0.5
Moxifloxacin	0.125-2	0.25	0.5
Levofloxacin	0.25-4	0.25	0.5
Ciprofloxacin	0.125-4	0.125	0.25
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-2	0.125	0.5
Cefotetan	0.5-4	1	2
Penicillin G	0.125-4	0.25	4
Ampicillin-sulbactam	0.125-2	0.25	1
Doxycycline	1-16	1	2
Gram-positive Bacillus spp. (11)r
BMS-284756	0.06-2	0.125	1
Moxifloxacin	0.125-2	0.5	1
Levofloxacin	0.25-4	1	2
Ciprofloxacin	0.25-8	1	4
Amoxicillin-clavulanate	≤0.06-0.5	≤0.06	0.125
Cefotetan	≤0.06-8	1	4
Penicillin G	≤0.015-0.25	0.03	0.125
Ampicillin-sulbactam	≤0.06-1	≤0.06	0.125
Doxycycline	0.125-1	0.5	0.5

^aCorynebacterium accolens (n = 1), C. amycolatum (n = 1), “C. aquaticum” (n = 10), C. argentoratense (n = 1), C. jeikeium (n = 1), C. minutissimum (n = 3), C. propinquum (n = 1), and C. ulcerans (n = 1).

^bCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) groups EF-4a (n = 4) and EF-4b (n = 11).

^cEnterococcus avium (n = 2), E. durans (n = 5), E. faecalis (n = 6), and E. malodoratus (n = 1).

^dActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (n = 1) and Actinobacillus sp. (n = 1); Capnocytophaga canimorsus (n = 3), C. gingivalis (n = 1), and Capnocytophaga spp. (n = 2); Haemophilus aphrophilus (n = 1), H. influenzae (n = 1), and H. parainfluenzae (n = 5); and Weeksella virosa (n = 1).

^eMoraxella atlantae (n = 3), M. bovis (n = 1), M. catarrhalis (n = 10), M. lacunata (n = 2), M. nonliquefaciens (n = 3), and M. osloensis (n = 2).

^fNeisseria cinerea-N. flavescens group (n = 1), N. elongata subsp. elongata (n = 2), N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens(n = 2), N. subflava (n = 4), N. weaveri (n = 10), and an unidentifiable Neisseria sp. (n = 1).

^gPasteurella canis (n = 9) and P. dagmatis (n = 6).

^hStaphylococcus hominis (n = 2), S. hyicus (n = 2), S. intermedius (n = 6), S. saprophyticus (n = 1), S. sciuri subsp. lentus(n = 1), and S. warneri (n = 7).

ⁱStreptococcus anginosus (n = 7), S. constellatus (n = 6), and S. intermedius (n = 6).

^jBacteroides ureolyticus (n = 3), Campylobacter gracilis (n = 5), C. mucosalis (n = 2), and C. rectus (n = 3).

^kEubacterium aerofaciens (n = 1), E. lentum (n = 1), E. saburreum (n = 3), E. yurii subsp. yurrii (n = 2), and organisms with no good fit (n = 6).

^lFusobacterium nucleatum (n = 10), F. nucleatum subsp. animalis (n = 1), and F. necrophorum (n = 1).

^mFusobacterium necrophorum (n = 3) and F. nucleatum (n = 11).

ⁿPeptostreptococcus anaerobius (n = 7), P. asaccharolyticus (n = 1), P. ivorii (n = 1), P. magnus (n = 3), P. micros (n = 8), P. prevotii (n = 2), and P. tetradius (n = 1).

^oPorphyromonas cangingivalis (n = 4) and P. gingivalis (n = 8).

^pPrevotella denticola (n = 2), P. intermedia-P. nigrescens group (n = 7), P. melaninogenica (n = 4), P. pallens (n = 3), and P. tannerae (n = 1).

^qPrevotella buccae (n = 7), P. buccalis (n = 1), P. disiens (n = 1), P. oris (n = 5), and an organism with no good fit (n = 1).

^rActinomyces israelii (n = 1), A. meyeri (n = 1), A. naeslundii (n = 2), and A. viscosus (n = 2); Lactobacillus catenaformis (n = 1), L. lactis (n = 1), L. plantarum (n = 2), and a Lactobacillus species with no good fit (n = 1).

^s50% and 90%, MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀, respectively; NA, not applicable.