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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Dec 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Chem Theory Comput. 2024 Nov 26;20(23):10574–10587. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c01326

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Illustration depicting two boundary atoms (Cb) represented by projected hybrid orbitals (PHO). Orbitals in brown are actively included in the self-consistent-filed (SCF) optimization of the “QM” subsystem in circle, and orbitals in blue are auxiliary orbitals that vary following geometry changes but are not optimized in the SCF procedure.