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. 2025 Nov 26;15:45366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-29165-1

Table 1.

Comparison of baseline characteristics between hypothermic and normothermic surgery group.

Normothermic group
(n = 98)
Hypothermic group
(n = 95)
Age (years) † 66.3 ± 6.2 64.7 ± 7.6
HTN (n, %) 41 (42) 43 (45)
DM (n, %) 16 (16) 17 (18)
BMI (kg/m2) † 24.5 ± 3.0 24.6 ± 2.7
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (n, %)
 CCI 0 61 (62.2) 60 (63.2)
 CCI 1 27 (27.6) 27 (28.4)
 CCI 2–3 10 (10.2) 8 (8.4)
Pre-operative PSA (ng/dL) † 7.2 ± 4.7 7.5 ± 3.2
Prostate volume (mL) † 38.0 ± 13.1 34.7 ± 14.6
Period between prostate biopsy and operation (days) † 61.1 ± 39.5 59.7 ± 53.5
MRI T stage (n, %)
  T0-T2 83 (95) 90 (96)
  T3 5 (5) 4 (4)
ISUP GG (n, %)
ISUP GG 1–2 68 (69) 75 (79)
ISUP GG 3–5 30 (31) 20 (21)
Total IIEF score† 11.2 ± 7.6 11.6 ± 7.4
EPIC-CP score†
 Urinary incontinence 1.35 ± 1.48 1.14 ± 1.43
 Urinary subscale 2.42 ± 2.88 2.60 ± 2.84
 Bowel subscale 1.18 ± 2.45 1.39 ± 2.73
 Sexual subscale 4.87 ± 2.28 4.73 ± 2.49
 Hormonal subscale 0.86 ± 1.90 1.29 ± 2.62
 Total score 10.7 ± 7.35 11.2 ± 8.20
EQ-5D-5 L VAS score† 82.0 ± 12.8 80.2 ± 13.3
EQ-5D-5 L utility score† 0.93 ± 0.09 0.93 ± 0.09

PSA: prostate-specific antigen, ISUP: international society of urological pathologists, GG: grade group, VAS: visual analoque scale †Values are mean ± SD.