Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and ANOVA results for pain, LAI, and muscle strength before and after treatment.
| Variables | Before treatment | After treatment | Group effect | Time effect | Interaction effect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IASTM | Sham | IASTM | Sham | ||||
| VAS (cm) | 4.60 (0.91) | 4.46 (0.63) | 1.66 (1.67) | 3.13 (0.99) | 0.067 (1.115) | ˂0.001* (0.781) | 0.001* (0.334) |
| LAI | 9.00 (2.54) | 7.66 (3.55) | 5.86 (1.89) | 6.10 (3.21) | 0.600 (0.010) | ˂0.001* (0.873) | ˂0.001* (0.432) |
| Knee extensors | 0.078 (0.01) | 0.074 (0.01) | 0.099 (0.02) | 0.081 (0.01) | 0.065 (0.116) | ˂0.001* (0.416) | 0.038* (0.145) |
| Knee flexors | 0.078 (0.01) | 0.077 (0.01) | 0.099 (0.01) | 0.083 (0.02) | 0.122 (0.083) | ˂0.001* (0.357) | 0.029* (0.160) |
| Plantar flexors | 0.084 (0.01) | 0.085 (0.02) | 0.105 (0.01) | 0.091 (0.02) | 0.244 (0.048) | ˂0.001* (0.398) | 0.020* (0.179) |
| Dorsi flexors | 0.092 (0.01) | 0.086 (0.01) | 0.096 (0.03) | 0.089 (0.01) | 0.342 (0.032) | 0.422 (0.023) | 0.920 (0.001) |
Footnote: Data are presented as the mean (SD), with p-values and partial eta squared (η2p) values.
VAS: visual analog scale; LAI: Lequesne algofunctional index.
Strength values normalized to body mass; unit not applicable.
*Indicates p < 0.05.