Table 4.

Performance comparison of different models.

Model	Backbone	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	mAP (%)	Params	FPS
Faster R-CNN	VGG-16	95.48	89.33	94.32	142562335	8.90
SSD300	VGG-16	93.65	80.61	93.08	24280556	40.18
YOLOv5s	CSPDarknet53	92.70	84.49	93.46	7114785	46.64
YOLOv8s	C2f-Darknet	94.74	95.75	96.34	11166560	42.15
YOLOv8n	C2f-Darknet	93.70	95.75	94.26	3157200	59.04
MobileNetV2-SSD	MobileNetV2	89.12	69.54	89.08	4207624	58.91
MD-MobileNetV2-SSD	MobileNetV2	96.79	93.31	96.65	4472540	54.60