Table 2.

Clinical, device and insertion related characteristics of pediatric patients at Debre Birhan City public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2025 (N = 584)

Variable		Categories	Status				Total (%)
			Event		Censored
			Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Admission unit		NICU	105	18.0	192	32.9	297	50.9
		General pediatrics	104	17.8	183	31.3	287	49.1
Temperatures @ admission in oc		Normal (36.5–37.5)	65	11.1	178	30.5	243	41.6
		Hypothermia (< 36.5)	90	15.4	159	27.2	249	42.6
		Hyperthermia (> 37.5)	54	9.2	38	6.5	92	15.8
Child hydration		Hydrated	183	31.3	332	56.8	515	88.2
		Dehydrated	26	4.5	43	7.4	69	11.8
Has comorbid conditions		Yes	52	8.9	61	10.4	113	19.3
		No	157	26.9	314	53.8	471	80.7
Cannula insertion done by		Nurse	187	32	332	56.8	519	88.9
		Physician	1	0.2	3	0.5	4	0.7
		Student	21	3.6	40	6.8	61	10.4
clinician hand hygiene before insertion	Yes	Hand rub	57	9.7	110	18.8	167	28.5
		Water with soap	57	9.7	135	23.2	192	32.9
		Water	19	3.3	0	0.0	19	3.3
	No		76	13.0	130	22.3	206	35.3
Insertor wear glove		Yes	196	33.6	375	64.2	571	97.8
		No	13	2.2	0	0.0	13	2.2
Mask wear		Yes	95	16.3	301	51.5	396	67.8
		No	114	19.5	74	12.7	188	32.2
Insertion set pack use		Yes	146	25.0	309	52.9	455	77.9
		No	63	10.8	66	11.3	129	22.1
Solution used for skin preparation		Alcohol	195	33.4	371	63.5	566	96.9
		NS*	11	1.9	4	0.7	15	2.6
		None	3	0.5	0	0.0	3	0.5
Material used for tourniquet		Glove	200	34.2	343	58.7	543	93
		Tourniquet	9	1.5	32	5.5	41	7.0
Vein visibility		Yes	166	28.4	320	54.8	486	83.2
		No	55	9.4	43	7.4	98	16.8

*NS Normal saline