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. 2025 Dec 17;19:1708514. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1708514

Table 2.

Mean (±SD) and median (IQR = Q3 –Q1) values for the bead threading task in the three experimental conditions: baseline (BB), with Bangerter foil on both eyes (FBE) and on the dominant eye (FDE).

Hand movement Viewing condition Statistic p-values
BB FDE FBE (F /X2 (2))
Reach-to-Bead Duration (ms) 492.79 (± 48.54) 482.17 (± 53.30) 486.55 (± 58.24) F (2) = 1.281
p = 0.289
Reach-to-Bead Peak Velocity (mm/s) 702.44 (± 93.21) 732.25 (± 92.46) 713.80 (± 93.71) F (2) = 4.141
p = 0.023*
Grasp Duration (ms) 200.00 (138.45–251.75) 202.46 (135.08–241.60) 193.33 (148.77–252.30) X2 (2) = 0.418
p = 0.661
Reach-to-Needle Duration (ms) 469.02 (± 53.17) 463.51 (± 44.92) 461.84 (± 51.97) F (2) = 0.489
p = 0.617
Reach-to-Needle Peak Velocity (mm/s) 790.68 (± 146.10) 796.45 (± 120.89) 775.12 (± 133.75) F (2) = 0.871
p = 0.426
Thread Duration (ms) 341.71 (305.12–439.60) 365.54 (331.59–433.15) 423.69 (338.67–520.15) X2 (2) = 3.787
p = 0.031*
Total Time (ms) 1538.30 (± 183.72) 1540.24 (± 200.02) 1594.77 (± 213.01) F (2) = 1.611
p = 0.214
Eye-hand Latency Difference (ms) 131.50 (107.75–202.10) 124.44 (89.34–225.40) 127.67 (78.31–207.00) X2 (1.605) = 0.191
p = 0.779

The comparison statistics between the experimental conditions are also included. *p < 0.05. BB, Binocular baseline; FDE, Foils dominant eye; and, FBE, Foils both eyes.