Table 2.

Population structure and reproductive performance-derived parameters in Carora cattle raised in Venezuela from 1985 to 2024.

Demographic-derived parameter	Historical	1985–1994	1995–2004	2005–2014	2015–2024
Number of animals with pedigree	80,473	8,442	15,694	34,987	21,350
Number of animals (reference population)	46,748	5,312	8,587	18,390	14,459
Dams (total)	32,100	3,597	5,837	12,318	10,348
Sires (total)	2,679	227	480	932	1,040
Individuals with progeny (offspring)	28,588	4,158	7,368	13,422	3,640
Individuals without progeny (offspring)	51,885	4,280	8,326	21,565	17,710
Number of animals with both known parents	46,748	5,312	8,587	18,390	14,459
Number of animals only with known sire	23,695	2,594	5,424	11,141	4,536
Number of animals only with known dam	5,220	271	1,022	2,483	1,444
Number of animals with no known parents	4,810	265	661	2,973	911

Reproductive-derived parameter	Historical	1985–1994	1995–2004	2005–2014	2015–2024
Total number of females	72,409	7,855	14,125	31,574	18,855
Number of females with offspring	26,614	3,901	6,961	12,507	3,245
Calving’s ratio (%)	36.76	49.66	49.28	39.61	17.21
Number of calves born (offspring)	115,956	19,037	37,469	50,516	8,934
Average number of calves per sire	43.28	83.86	78.06	54.20	8.59
Maximum number of calves per sire	1,098	774	1,098	920	182
Average number of calves per dam	3.61	5.29	6.42	4.10	0.86
Maximum number of calves per dam	25	17	25	24	7